精液分析

定义

精液分析 measures the amount and quality of a man's semen and sperm. Semen is the thick, white fluid released during ejaculation that contains sperm.

This test is sometimes called a sperm count.

选择的名字

Male fertility test; Sperm count; Infertility - semen analysis

如何执行测试

You will need to provide a semen sample. Your health care provider will explain how to collect a sample.

Methods for collecting a sperm sample include:

• Masturbating into a sterile jar or cup
• Using a special condom during intercourse given to you by your provider

You should get the sample to the lab within 30 minutes. If the sample is collected at home, keep it in the inside pocket of your coat so that it will stay at body temperature while you are transporting it.

A laboratory specialist must look at the sample within 2 hours of the collection. The earlier the sample is analyzed, the more reliable the results. The following things will be evaluated:

• How the semen thickens into a solid and turns to liquid
• Fluid thickness, acidity, and sugar content
• Resistance to flow (viscosity)
• Movement of the sperm (motility)
• Number and structure of the sperm
• 精液量

How to Prepare for the Test

In order to have an adequate sperm count, do not have any sexual activity that causes ejaculation for 2 to 3 days before the test. However, this time should not be longer than 5 days, after which the quality can diminish.

考试的感觉如何

Talk to your provider if you are uncomfortable with how the sample is to be collected.

为什么要进行测试

精液分析 is one of the first tests done to evaluate a man's fertility. It can help determine if a problem in sperm production or quality of the sperm is causing 不孕不育. About half of couples unable to have children have a male 不孕不育 problem.

The test may also be used after a 输精管结扎术 to make sure there are no sperm in the semen. This can confirm the success of the 输精管结扎术.

The test may also be performed for the following condition:

• Klinefelter综合症

正常的结果

A few of the common normal values are listed below.

• The normal volume varies from 1.5 to 5.0 milliliter per ejaculation.
• The sperm count varies from 20 to 150 million sperm per milliliter.
• At least 60% of the sperm should have a normal shape and show normal forward movement (motility).

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

An abnormal result does not always mean there is a problem with a man's ability to have children. Therefore, it is not completely clear how the test results should be interpreted.

异常结果意味着什么

Abnormal results may suggest a male 不孕不育 problem. For example, if the sperm count is very low or very high, a man may be less fertile. The acidity of the semen and the presence of white blood cells (suggesting infection) may affect fertility. Testing may reveal abnormal shapes or abnormal movements of the sperm.

However, there are many unknowns in male 不孕不育. Further testing may be needed if abnormalities are found.

Many of these problems are treatable.

风险

没有风险.

注意事项

The following may affect a man's fertility:

• 酒精
• Many recreational and prescription drugs
• 烟草

参考文献

Jeelani R, Bluth MH. Reproductive function and pregnancy. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 26.

王超. The testis and male hypogonadism, 不孕不育, and sexual dysfunction. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 221.