病毒 肝炎

几种不同的病毒可以感染肝脏，引起被称为肝炎的炎症. The most prevalent of these in the United States are hepatitis A, B and C.

甲型肝炎

甲型肝炎 is acquired from contaminated food or water. 在健康个体中, it causes an acute illness with fever, loss of appetite and jaundice lasting two to three weeks. Complete recovery is the rule, followed by life-long immunity to the virus. In people with pre-existing advanced liver disease, acute hepatitis A tends to be severe and can be fatal.

乙型肝炎

Acquired through exposure to the blood or secretions of an infected person, hepatitis B also can be transmitted through sexual contact. 新生儿可能在出生时从患有活动性乙型肝炎的母亲那里获得这种病毒.

感染乙型肝炎的成年人患有急性疾病，从非常轻微的疾病开始, 只有流感样症状, ,恶心, 腹痛和黄疸.

Most people with the condition recover and develop immunity, but 5 percent to 10 percent become persistently infected, and have the potential to infect others. For infants who are exposed at birth and do not receive treatment, the rate of chronic infection is much higher. 长期患有活动性乙型肝炎的人，年龄超过20年，有发展成乙型肝炎的风险 肝癌.

丙型肝炎

目前，丙型肝炎的主要传播方式是通过使用感染者的针头注射非法药物. 在对血库进行检测之前，这种疾病是通过输血传播的. Unlike hepatitis B, the rate of sexual transmission is low.

The acute illness is frequently very mild. 然而，许多人未能清除病毒，因此约70%的人成为慢性感染者. 估计有400万美国人患有丙型肝炎，其中许多人并不知道自己的病情.

The virus causes inflammation that slowly and insidiously, 在20到30年间, 导致肝脏的疤痕. 随着病情的发展，第一个症状可能只是精力下降. As the liver disease becomes significant, patients may experience retention of fluid, causing swelling of the ankles and increased weight, 内出血和神志不清. 疾病进展的速度是可变的，原因只是部分了解. It is clear that heavy alcohol use accelerates the pace of disease. In people who develop advanced scarring of the liver, a condition known as 肝硬化，发展的风险 肝癌 是重要的.

我们治疗病毒性肝炎的方法

加州大学旧金山分校为所有形式的病毒性肝炎患者提供最先进的诊断和治疗选择. Our approach depends on the type and severity of the disease. 甲型肝炎 usually resolves on its own, so we help patients manage their 症状 and avoid spreading the infection. 我们用最新的药物疗法治疗慢性乙型肝炎或丙型肝炎.

如果患者对治疗没有反应，或者直到出现肝病症状才知道自己感染了这种病毒，慢性肝炎感染可能导致严重的肝损伤或肝功能衰竭. In these cases, a liver transplant may be necessary. Our liver transplant program, designated a center of excellence by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 以卓越的成果和帮助开创移植技术而闻名，这些技术使移植更安全、更成功. We perform more than 200 transplants each year, and our survival statistics are among the very best in the country.